Image A. The image on the right presents the location of the research study in South America near the Parana River
Image B. The image presents the location of the sample sites
Leptospirosis is an infection of spirochaetes of the genus Leptospira. The infected cattle can spread the infection through urine which can infect other animals and humans in the contaminated environment. Sadly, Leptospirosis is capable of survival in numerous different environments, substrates, soils, sediments, and water. It was hypothesized that the amount of Leptospira in a wetland will be higher during higher water availability. The findings of Leptospira were based on water availability which they have learned to adapt to the aquatic environment conditions. Ecosystems with live-stock farming which are known for precipitation, flooding, and overflow can increase the transmission of Leptospira. It is important to know this information in order to prevent future outbreaks that can affect human health. In a study located in South America near the Parana River, 34 water samples and 12 sediment samples were taken from three different precipitation levels between November 2018 and November 2019 to which pathogenic species would be discovered. November 2018 was very dry with low precipitation levels and L. Kmetyu was identified. April 2019 was recorded to be very humid with higher precipitation levels L. kemetyi, L. mayottensis, and L. fainei were identified. In an even drier period in November 2019, L. Meyeri was identified. The results show that the presence of Leptospira was directly related to the water availability. This concludes that when a live-stock animal is infected it can pass through their urination which will be washed into the soil or water bodies with excessive rainfall or flooding. This occurrence will lead to the growth and spread of Leptospira which will have a negative effect on agriculture, economy, and environmental health.
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